High Corrosion Resistant Monel400 Round Bar for Marine Chemical
Industrial Applications
Monel 400 round bar is a premium nickel-copper alloy product
renowned for its exceptional corrosion resistance, mechanical
stability, and adaptability to harsh operating environments—making
it a cornerstone material in marine and chemical industrial
sectors. Below is a comprehensive overview of its parameters,
properties, standards, key features, equivalent grades, and typical
applications.
1. Chemical Composition (Key Parameters)
The superior performance of Monel 400 round bar stems from its
precisely controlled chemical composition, which balances nickel
(the primary corrosion-resistant element) and copper (for enhanced
ductility and strength). The composition adheres to strict
industrial specifications, with typical ranges as follows:
| Element | Content Range (%) | Function |
|---|
| Nickel (Ni) | 63.0 – 70.0 | Core element for resistance to seawater, acids, and alkalis;
ensures alloy stability. |
| Copper (Cu) | 28.0 – 34.0 | Improves ductility, machinability, and resistance to reducing acids
(e.g., sulfuric acid). |
| Iron (Fe) | ≤ 2.5 | Enhances mechanical strength without compromising corrosion
resistance. |
| Manganese (Mn) | ≤ 2.0 | Boosts workability and prevents brittleness during processing. |
| Carbon (C) | ≤ 0.3 | Controls grain structure; low content minimizes carbide
precipitation (avoids corrosion weak points). |
| Silicon (Si) | ≤ 0.5 | Aids in casting/forging processes; maintains alloy purity. |
| Sulfur (S) | ≤ 0.024 | Reduces hot cracking risk during fabrication. |
2. Mechanical Properties
Monel 400 round bar exhibits excellent mechanical performance
across a wide temperature range (-200°C to 480°C), making it
suitable for both low-temperature marine environments and
high-temperature chemical processing. Typical properties (annealed
condition, for general industrial use) are listed below:
| Property | Unit | Typical Value | Test Standard |
|---|
| Tensile Strength | MPa | ≥ 550 | ASTM B164 |
| Yield Strength (0.2% offset) | MPa | ≥ 240 | ASTM B164 |
| Elongation (in 50mm) | % | ≥ 35 | ASTM B164 |
| Hardness (Brinell) | HB | ≤ 150 | ASTM E10 |
| Modulus of Elasticity | GPa | 179 | - |
| Density | g/cm³ | 8.80 | - |
Note: For specialized applications (e.g., high-pressure valves),
cold-worked Monel 400 round bar can be supplied, with tensile
strength increased to 700–800 MPa and yield strength up to 450–550
MPa (at the cost of slightly reduced elongation).
3. Industrial Standards
Monel 400 round bar is manufactured and inspected in compliance
with globally recognized standards to ensure consistency and
reliability. The most widely adopted standards include:
- ASTM (American Society for Testing and Materials):
- ASTM B164: Standard Specification for Nickel-Copper Alloy (Monel)
Rod, Bar, and Wire
- ASTM B865: Standard Specification for Seamless Nickel and
Nickel-Alloy Pipe and Tube (relevant for derived components from
round bars)
- ASME (American Society of Mechanical Engineers):
- ASME SB-164: Boiler and Pressure Vessel Code (BPVC) certification
for pressure-containing applications (e.g., chemical reactors)
- ISO (International Organization for Standardization):
- ISO 6208: Nickel and nickel alloys — Rod, bar and wire
- DIN (Deutsches Institut für Normung, German Standard):
- DIN 17750: Nickel and nickel-base alloys — Rods and bars
4. Key Features
Monel 400 round bar’s popularity in marine and chemical industries
is driven by five core advantages:
Exceptional Corrosion Resistance
It resists pitting, crevice corrosion, and stress corrosion
cracking (SCC) in aggressive media, including:
- Seawater (and salt spray) — ideal for marine hull components,
propeller shafts, and offshore platform parts.
- Reducing acids (e.g., dilute sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid) and
alkalis (e.g., sodium hydroxide).
- Organic compounds (e.g., methanol, ethanol) and industrial
solvents.
Broad Temperature Adaptability
It retains mechanical strength at cryogenic temperatures (-200°C,
suitable for LNG marine storage) and maintains stability at
elevated temperatures (up to 480°C, for chemical distillation
columns).
Superior Ductility and Machinability
The alloy’s high elongation (≥35%) allows easy fabrication (e.g.,
forging, bending, welding) into complex shapes (e.g., valves,
flanges). It can be machined with standard tools (using lubricants
to prevent work hardening).
Excellent Weldability
It supports common welding methods (TIG, MIG, submerged arc
welding) without losing corrosion resistance—critical for
assembling large marine structures or chemical process pipelines.
Long-Term Durability
Low susceptibility to oxidation and erosion ensures a long service
life (often 10–20 years in marine/chemical environments), reducing
maintenance costs and downtime.
5. Equivalent Grades
Monel 400 is known by different designations across regions and
standard systems. Below are its most common equivalent grades for
global procurement:
| Standard System | Equivalent Grade | Country/Region |
|---|
| ASTM/ASME | Monel 400 | USA |
| UNS (Unified Numbering System) | N04400 | USA/Global |
| ISO | NiCu30Fe | International |
| DIN | 2.4360 | Germany |
| BS (British Standards) | NA12 | UK |
| JIS (Japanese Industrial Standards) | NW4400 | Japan |
6. Applications in Marine & Chemical Industries
Leveraging its corrosion resistance and mechanical performance,
Monel 400 round bar is a preferred material for the following
critical components:
Marine Industry
- Offshore platform parts: Bolts, nuts, and structural supports
(resist seawater corrosion and wave impact).
- Shipbuilding components: Propeller shafts, rudder stock, and
seawater cooling system pipes (withstand long-term immersion in
saltwater).
- Marine valves and pumps: Valve stems, impellers, and housings
(prevent pitting from seawater and marine organisms).
Chemical Industry
- Chemical process equipment: Reactor internals, heat exchanger
tubes, and agitator shafts (resist acids, alkalis, and organic
solvents).
- Acid handling systems: Pipes, fittings, and pump casings for
transporting sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, and phosphoric acid.
- Pharmaceutical and food processing: Tanks, mixers, and conveyor
parts (non-toxic, corrosion-resistant, and easy to clean).